Reticulated melon plan
Fertilization characteristics
Muskmelon requires a large amount of fertilizer, and the nutrient absorption is the least in the seedling stage. After flowering, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium gradually increases. The peak of nitrogen and potassium absorption is 16-17 days after fruit setting, and it drops sharply after 26-27 days after fruit setting. . The peak of phosphorus and calcium absorption is 26-27 days after fruit setting, and continues to fruit maturity.
The period of about 1 month from flowering to the end of fruit expansion is the period when the melon absorbs the most mineral nutrients and is also the period of maximum fertilizer efficiency.
Calcium and boron not only affect the sugar content of the fruit, but also affect the appearance of the fruit. When the calcium is insufficient, the surface of the fruit is rough and white, and brown spots are easy to appear in the flesh when boron is deficient. Melon is a chlorine-free crop, and it is not suitable to apply fertilizers such as ammonium chloride and potassium chloride.
Key points of fertilization
(1) Fertilization of open field melon
Melon requires a continuous supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers during the growth period. The absorption ratio of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 2:1:3.7. For every 1000kg of melon produced, it needs to absorb 2.5-3.5kg nitrogen, 1.3-1.7kg phosphorus, and 4.4-6.8kg potassium. The maximum amount of fertilizer is absorbed during the fruiting period.
(2) The peak period of absorption of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers
The absorption peak of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers is 16-17 days after sitting, and the absorption peak of phosphate fertilizers is slightly later. Too much nitrogen in the early stage of growth will cause melons. Too much nitrogen will affect the increase of sugar when the fruit is near maturity. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer should be long-acting and slow-acting fertilizers.
Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers play an important role in improving fruit quality and early maturity. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added during fruiting. Melon is sensitive to calcium, magnesium, boron and other elements and should be used as appropriate.
Application of trace elements
Fertilizer types should be based on high-quality organic fertilizers rich in phosphorus and potassium, such as oil cake fertilizers, fish manure, human manure, chicken, duck manure, etc. Give priority to base Shi.
The base fertilizer is applied during plowing and soil preparation, and the application amount accounts for 1/3 to 2/3 of the total fertilization amount. High-quality chicken manure or pig manure is applied per mu with 2500-3000kg, and fine fertilizer such as human manure is 500-1000kg. Use ditch or acupoint application for concentrated application. In addition, the effect of basal application of superphosphate is better, generally 25-50kg per mu.
(4) Topdressing is generally applied with ammonium sulfate or 50-100kg per mu
Once in the seedling stage and after topping, it is 1 to 3 times in the fruiting stage. For the types of manure, quick-acting fertilizers such as human feces and urine can be used, diluted by 3 to 5 times with water, and poured.
(5) Muskmelon fertilization in the protected area
In addition to basal application in the protected area, when the melon is stable (eggs are big), it can be watered in a dark ditch, followed by urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with water, and apply 20 kg of urea and 20 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu. If it is covered with plastic film, the plants will grow faster in the early stage and require more water and fertilizer. You can add some chemical fertilizers to the base fertilizer, such as 10kg urea and 40kg phosphate fertilizer, applied in strips or spreading.
The output value of melon planting in the protected area is relatively high, and it is feasible to increase the investment appropriately. In order to improve early yield, you can spray ethephon once on the second true leaf and the fourth true leaf at a concentration of 100ml/L, which will help increase the female flowers and average single melon weight, and also increase the thickness of the pulp. , Increase the content of soluble solids and vitamin C.
In order to increase the rate of sitting in the first crop of melons in the early spring, when the female flowers are opening or about to open, use 2.5 g/kg of Zuogualing to evenly spray cloth fetuses. When the young melon eggs are big, use 1.5ml/kg gibberellin to smear the melon stem once to promote the growth of young fruit. After the fruit has grown substantially, spray the surface of the fruit with 500-1000mg/kg ethephon, which can be harvested earlier without affecting the flavor.