Melon plan
Muskmelon requires a large amount of fertilizer, not only requires nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other large elements, but also very sensitive to calcium, magnesium, boron and other trace elements. The supplement of medium and trace elements can play a role in four or two. The seedling stage requires the least amount of fertilizer, and the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium gradually increases after flowering. The peak of nitrogen and potassium absorption is about 16 days after fruit setting, and the peak of phosphorus and calcium absorption is about 26 days after fruit setting. Calcium and boron not only affect the sweetness and aroma of the fruit, but also affect the appearance of the fruit. If calcium is insufficient, the surface of the fruit is rough and white, and brown spots are likely to appear in the flesh when boron is deficient. Melon is a chlorine-free crop, and it is not suitable to use chlorine-containing fertilizers.
Muskmelon requires continuous supply of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the growth period, and the absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 2:1:3.7. For every 1000kg of melon produced, it needs to absorb 2.5-3.5kg of nitrogen and 1.3-1.7kg of phosphorus. Potassium is 4.4-6.8kg, and there is a large demand for potassium.
1. Base fertilizer: mainly base fertilizer. The effect of finished organic fertilizer is better than ordinary farmyard manure. Farmyard manure may carry pathogenic bacteria and cause melon diseases. Apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer together; high-tower nitrosulfur base 17-17-17 is recommended (S) 40-50 kg/mu + bio-organic fertilizer 150-200 kg/mu, in addition to the use of decomposed cake fertilizer, etc.;
2. Top dressing: Generally, according to the different nutrient requirements of different growth periods of melon, reasonable top dressing is carried out according to the condition of the seedlings.
Seedling stage-vine extension stage top dressing: after transplanting, drip irrigation or flushing smart fertilizer (17-17-17) 10-15 kg/mu + humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 5-8 kg/mu; promote root growth and extract seedlings The effect is good. It is recommended to fertilize twice at this stage, with an interval of about 10 days;
Topdressing during fruit expansion: Generally 10-15 days after flowering, the input of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled at this stage. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can easily cause melon plants to grow, inhibit flower bud differentiation, and cause flower and fruit drop. Drip irrigation or flushing intelligent fertilizer (15-5-25) 10-15 kg/mu + amino acid calcium and magnesium fertilizer 8-10 kg/mu;
Topdressing after picking: In order to restore the growth of the melon seedlings as soon as possible after picking and promote the fruit setting of the next stubble, it is generally recommended to drip irrigation or flush application of 8-10 kg of intelligent fertilizer (17-17-17) + 5-8 kg/mu of root-promoting fertilizer;
Foliar spraying: spray foliar fertilizer every 7 days or so after the fruit is set, generally 2-3 times. It can be sprayed with a mixture of 0.3% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which can increase the fruit setting rate and increase the sweetness of the fruit.
Reasonable use of chemical fertilizers can have a good effect of increasing production and maintaining quality. If used improperly, it will result in a decline in quality. In the process of using chemical fertilizers, we must pay attention to the following principles:
① Pay attention to the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with organic fertilizer in order to better play its role, especially on the plots with low organic matter content and poor fertilizer and water retention, and increase the amount of organic fertilizer.
②Attention should be paid to the reasonable combination of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and the middle and trace elements, and a single nitrogen fertilizer must not be applied.
③The type and quantity of chemical fertilizers should be determined according to different growth periods, plant growth and different cultivation purposes. The seedling stage is mainly nitrogen and phosphorus to promote the development of the root system; nitrogen fertilizer and humic acid should be the mainstay during the vine extension stage to promote the healthy growth of stems and leaves; the fruiting stage should be mainly potassium and nitrogen, plus calcium and magnesium fertilizers It promotes leaf photosynthesis to improve fruit quality and high storage and transportation capacity.